1) With an area of 238,391 square kilometers , Romania has 3,195 Km of border.In the southeast, 245 Km of Black Sea coastline provide an important outlet to the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean !!! 2) Romania's natural landscape is almost evenly divided among mountains (31 percent), hills (33 percent), and plains (36 percent). These varied relief forms spread rather symmetrically from the Carpathian Mountains, which reach elevations of more than 2,400 meters, to the Danube Delta, which is just a few meters above sea level !!! The arc of the Carpathians extends over 1,000 kilometers through the center of the country, covering an area of 70,000 square kilometers. After entering ROMANIA in the southwest at Bazias, the DANUBE travels some 1,075 Km (almost 40% of its entire length) through or along Romanian territory !!! 3) Elevation extremes: lowest point: Black Sea 0 m highest point: Moldoveanu Peak 2,544 m Natural resources petroleum (reserves declining), timber, natural gas, coal, iron ore, salt, arable land, hydro power

The territory of Romania has been inhabited by different groups of people since prehistory. One of the fossils found—a male, adult jawbone—has been dated to be between 34,000 and 36,000 years old, which would make it one of the oldest fossils found to date of modern humans in Europe.A skull found in Peştera cu Oase (The Cave with Bones) in 2004-5 bears features of both modern humans and Neanderthals.Radiocarbon dating indicates that the skull is between 35,000 and 40,000 years old, making it the oldest modern human fossil ever found in Europe!!! The oldest modern human remains in Europe were discovered in the "Cave With Bones" in present day Romania.The remains are approximately 42,000 years old and as Europe’s oldest remains of Homo sapiens, they may represent the first such people to have entered the continent.The remains are especially interesting because they present a mixture of archaic, early modern human and Neanderthal morphological features.

The earliest written evidence of people living in the territory of the present-day Romania comes from Herodotus in book IV of his Histories (Herodotus) written 440 BCE.